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To extend Map of Rio Grande do Sul |
It was a state that did not begin to colonize itself until the beginnings of century XVII, until then the place was lived mainly by three groups of natives: Gê or Tapuia, Pampeano and GuaranÃ. With the occupation the conflicts came that lasted until the beginnings of century XX, confrontations between the natives and bandeirantes. Although on the other hand the Spanish Jesuits joined diverse tribes and created the calls “Seven Towns of the Missionsâ€?, whose ruins were later declared Patrimony of the Humanity by UNESCO. While in the west the seven towns formed, the Portuguese occupied the coast and, in 1680, they created the colony of Sacrament, to the borders of the river of the Prata, today Cologne, in Uruguay. Organized by the Jesuits, the colony became one of the centers of the war of borders between Portuguese and Spaniards during century XVIII. |
Between the years the 1835 and 1845 S-state scene of the Revolução Farroupilha, of separatist ideas, that it united to the liberal republicans against the imperial government, later took place another revolt the call: Revolution Federalist, between two political factions, on the one hand, the Republican Party; on the other, liberal and the parlamentaristas ones, although this conflict lasted two years less than, but it left sequels that gave rise to another revolution, the one of 1923. The pacification of the state would only take place as of 1928, during the government of Getúlio Vargas, later president of Brazil.
In the middle of the conflicts, they began to arrive waves from immigrants at Rio Grande do Sul. First they were the Germans, later the Italians, this situation caused that the economy was diversified, and was not based it on the production of cattle for meat, but on productions purely agriculturists.
Agriculture gaúcha is based on small rural properties, taking to the state to be known like the barn the country, contributing 25% of the Brazilian grain production, mainly soybean, wheat, rice and maize. Rio Grande do Sul is today the Brazilian state with better Index of Human Development, in agreement with indicators of per capita rent, schooling and life expectancy when being born.
The state also has a very important cattle production in amount and quality, its meat of bovine with which the gauchos prepare one of the best churrascos of the world is recognized so much in the country as abroad. From the cattle ranch the leather industries are also derived and footwear, that, next to industry the mechanical, chemical and petrochemical metal, is most significant of the state. Porto Alegre, Founded on 1777 by the Portuguese coming from the islands Goshawks, State Capital, and located far from the ocean which has harmed to him during many years, although as of century XIX, with the German colonization and the construction of the first railroads, the city began to grow to a rate accelerated, until becoming the most important city of the south of the country. Indeed it is his strategic situation at the moment allows him to be a key place in the relations with the Mercosur. |
Recommended visits
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Cultural center Mario Quintana, the Cultural Center owns rooms of theater, cinema, libraries and gallery of art, besides counting on an extensive collection of personal objects of poet Mario Quintana.
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Praça gives Matrix concentrates in this place an architectonic set of Portuguese baroque style, inheritance of its founders. The most significant buildings are the Theatro São Pedro, of more than 130 years; the Public Library; the two Lot Câmara and the street Brook, where the bookstores of the city are concentrated. Not very far it is the Usina do Gasômetro, old thermoelectrial power station and today important cultural center of the city.
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City council of Porto Alegre - Paço two Açorianos, constructed in neoclassic style, the work had beginning in 1898. To the front of the City council is the Talavera source of Reina that the Spanish colony flattered to the city in 1935 during the celebrations of the centenary of the Farroupilha Revolution. The sculptures that adorn the facade of the city council represent the economy, the education and the policy. It was declared of public interest by the municipality in 1979. There the point central of the city is located.
In the state of Rio Grande do Sul:
- Pampas, in this region settled down many English, that left to their track in the houses and taken care of gardens good of cities like Rio Grande, Sunday Pedrito, São Gabriel, Rosary do Sul and Bagé. And Portuguese especially in Brown River, where the big rambling houses conserve their inheritance. Although it is a region of fields, the Pampas also take places of caverns and grottos, like the Pedra do Segredo, in Caçapava do archaeological Sul, and zones, as the one of the city of Bush, where there is unit of trees petrified of millares of years.
- Rio Grande, is the first city gaucha founded by the Portuguese, has the beach of the Cassino, open sea and 245 white and desert sand km, where seals and from Leon sailors spend the winter. Harbor city, counts on one of the more complete oceanographic museums of Latin America.
- To 55 km of Porto Alegre is the Lagoa two Ducks, the greater lagoon of Brazil, with 10,000 km2s of surface and 256 km of length, and second of South America; that an extensive strip of the territory borders gaucho, arriving until Balls, second city of the state. In this great lagoon beaches where the nautical fishing and sports practice, of great beauty and ideal for the practice of nature tourism or eco-tourism exist.
- Balls, city that is 250 km of Porto Alegre, are significant their units of architecture art nouveau of century XIX and inheritances like the iron structures works which they extend by the city, lazy at the beginning of century XX by the English. As much the urban zone as the rural one of Balls counts on monuments, precious landscapes and view. In Balls it is every year celebrated the traditional Fenadoce, celebration where the famous candies of Portuguese origin are exhibited and which they make famous to the city.
- Gramado, is synonymous of hortensias, the Bavarian architecture and the Festival of Cinema of Gramado, during the winter can be temperatures of below cero. City with German and Italian influence.
- Cinnamon, is a small full city of natural beauties, among them is the Cascade do Caracol, of 131 M.s of free fall, really spectacular. With low temperatures in winter, German and Italian influence.
- Ruins of the Church of Sao Miguel, centuries XVII and XVIII, located to about 500 km of the Porto Alegre capital, and next to the border with Argentina. Declared by UNESCO like Patrimony of the Humanity, it is the main Brazilian symbol of the misionera civilization. This monument, builds of the architect and brother João Jesuit Primoli Batiste, constitutes an expression of the misionera architecture barroca inspired by the Renaissance canons settled down by Vignola. It is the greater set of religious architecture of the jesuÃticos redoubts, constituted still today, by rest of his walls, mud walls, arches, facade and bell tower an inestimable world-wide patrimony. He has been preserved and recovered by the Ministry of Culture. Next to the place the Museum of the Missions is placed, builds plastic of the architect Lucio Coast, conceived from the houses of the Indian missionaries, and in whom architecture and art objects are exposed.
- National park two Arranged gives Serra, is 185 km of Porto Alegre, in the mountain region of Fields of Top gives Serra, where is as well the Gun of Itaimbezinho, wonder of the nature, where the mountains get ready in row throughout 250 km of vertical walls, with 720 M.s of depth and one width between 100 and 200 meters.
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Photographic gallery
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