Historical center of Sao Luis

Registered in the List of Patrimonies of the Humanity in 1997. Brazilian State Capital of Maranhão, located in the homonymous island in the South Atlantic, between the bays of São Marcos and São Jose de Ribamar, and to 4 M.s on the level of the sea. Upaon-Açu, is the old denomination given by the Tupinambás Indians, inhabited who it, and who mean “Great Island�. Its population is around a million inhabitants.

The city was founded by the French noble Daniel of the Touche, known like the Gentleman of the Ravardière, in 1612. The name “São Luis� must to a tribute to Luis XIII of France, king-boy of France. The French were allied to the Indians in the resistance against the Portuguese and, only 3 years later, in November of 1615, returned to the Portuguese dominion, under the command of Jerônimo de Albuquerque, that became first captain of sea of Maranhão.

The Jesuits found the School of the Jesuits of Maranaho, implant several villages, but in 1661 they are expelled. It grows the culture of the cotton, the chestnut, cacao and tobacco; this period of wealth finishes with the purpose of War to it of Secession and the liberation of the slaves in Brazil, in 1888. Nevertheless; Sao Luis arrives at century XIX, like the fourth greater city of Brazil after River, Salvador and Recife, important center of textile manufacture and outstanding seaport and fluvial.

The Portuguese crown orders drawn up and the construction from the city to the Greater Engineer of Brazil, Francisco de Frias gives Mesquita, work person in charge important of the country. Cold it chose by drawing up drawn into squares orthogonal, “to the Spanish�, perhaps first of Brazil. The constant extension of the streets, the location of the places, the stairs of union between several levels, the urban character of a true capital confers to Sao Luis. After they left the Dutch, the Portuguese decide to finance important urban improvements of restoration and new constructions that were undertaken mainly in centuries XVII, XVIII and principles of the XIX. At present the historical center of Sao Luis, owns a colonial architecture of near 3500 buildings in different states from conservation, distributed by more than 230 you have., although its historical center is in favor compound mainly of the districts of Great Praia, Destierro and Portinho. They emphasize sobradões with balconies, many had with precious Portuguese tiles.

 

Recommended visits and activities:


Districts of Great Praia, Destierro and Portinho: strolls to contemplate the beauty of its constructions.
             
Theater Arthur Azevedo: of neoclassic facade, it was constructed between 1815 and 1817, considered like the first theater installed in one Brazilian capital.
             
House gives Tulhas: of 1820, whose interior has circle form.
             
Center of Popular Culture: it has a most interesting collection of pieces that illustrate the different cultural and religious manifestations from the state, strongly anchored in the religious sincretismo that combines the catholic beliefs with the different afrobrasileños cults.
             
Other visits: Palace the Ravardiere, the Cafuá gives Mercês (Museum of the Black), of Art the São Lot Luis of Mercedes the Museum and, the Convent, the Sacred Museum Palace From Leon (soothes of the Estadual Government) of Visual Arts.

Registered in the List of Patrimonies of the Humanity in 1991. The park is located in the State of the Piauí, to 530 km of the capital, Teresina. The area occupies the territories of the municipalities of Are Raimundo Nonato, Joao Coast, Colonel Jose Day and Song of the Buriti. It occupies an extension of 129,953 you have.

The first archaeological discoveries in the Mountain range of the Capibara date from 1960. In 1978, the investigations in the region by means of a franc-Brazilian project began. Generally, the areas are or preserved, due to the difficulty of the access and therefore to the little human occupation, is appraised in the shelters or rocks, that are the main centers of archaeological investigation.

National park Mountain range of the Capivara

The studies revealed in 1981 the existence of materials (coal) manipulated by the first primitive men of the continent. The carbon tests 14 showed that such materials dated from does at least 48 thousand years.         

The investigations revolutionized the traditional theory that the man arose in the American continent does 12 thousand years, since 406 archaeological sites were catastrados, whose vestiges indicate the presence of the man in America long before the indicated ones in the classic theories. Numerous cave paintings to they testify if it.
The climate is not always the same, changes and presents/displays cycles. The average temperature can increase or to diminish and the regime of winds changes. These phenomena originated the climatic changes. The annual average temperature is of 28º C. The station of rains goes of October until the beginning of May. The hottest period of the year goes of October by the end of November when the average temperature is of 35º C. In June, colder month, the nights arrive at minims next to 10º C.     

They exist more than thousand vegetal species in this park, of which they have been catalogued more than six hundred. Some plants found in the Park show peculiar morphologic adaptations that are combined to resist to the drought. In some cases the leaves change of position to protect themselves of the sun.
The fauna is little due to the characteristics of the climate and to the structure of the atmosphere. The greater animal predator of all the region is the ounce-guinea fowl (a species of jaguar), that can arrive 50 kgs even though.
The Park congregates important prehistoric, rich cave painting sites that, besides the esthetic aspect, demonstrate to be fundamental for the study of the first human occupations in America.
In the sector of the National Park with greater concentration of sites with paintings five circuits were established to be able to be visited, detailed more down in visits recommended.

Recommended visits and activities:

The five circuits are qualified with footbridges to be able to be visited and to facilitate the observation of cave paintings, the visits are realized on foot or in special vehicles, these are:

The Baixao gives Mulheres: 4 archaeological sites.
The defile of the Capivara: 11 archaeological sites, with older cave paintings of the park.
The Baixo gives Pedra Furada: site of with vestiges of 50,000 years ago, one of the majors shelters sub-rock with inscriptions of several prehistoric periods in a wall of 70 M.s of length and 80 M.s of height.
Site do Meio: besides paintings, the archeologists find vestiges of instruments used by the old inhabitants, like objects of lascada stone and fragments of ceramics.  
Baixo gives Perna: with 4 archaeological sites.
The Museum of the American Man: located in They are Raimundo Nonato, keeps samples from paleofauna open pies by the investigators who study the region. Between the exhibited pieces it emphasizes the jaw of a tiger saber tooth, a fragment of fossilized skull, ceramic of almost 9 thousand years and machado of stone polished of 9,200 years, besides a collection of lascada stone, rest of ceramics and mortuary ballot boxes.  

It has more than 400 galleries with cave paintings (archaeological houses of field) with scenes that represent sex, dance, hunts, animal, wars, harvests and games.

 

Registered in the List of Patrimonies of the Humanity in 2001. Brazilian volcanic archipelago pertaining to the state of Pernambuco. One is in the Atlantic Ocean, to 545 km of Recife (Pernambuco), 710 km of Strength (capital of Ceará) and to 360 km of Birthday (capital of Rio Grande North do). The archipelago has 26 kms2 and is formed by 21 islands of which the major of them is only inhabited, whom the same name takes that the archipelago. The rest has been declared Marine National Park by the government of the country, and therefore the human presence in them is prohibited, safe for aims of scientific research.

By its situation, this archipelago was one of the first places of the New World in being shortages by European navigators in the South Hemisphere. In the oldest map of Brazil (planisphere of Cantino, of 1502) the archipelago already appears with the name of Quaresma. First the European that disembarked in the islands was Américo Vespucio, in 1503. The following year, the archipelago was donated to the noble Fernando de Loronha, who financed the expedition of Vespucio. Fernando de Noronha was besieged by English French and for more than a century, and later by the Dutch to which he belonged in 1629, rented by 25 years by Michel de Pavw (of there the name in Dutch of the archipelago: Pavonia). In 1654, the Dutch lost Pernambuco in favor of Portugal, belonging since then to this country, until the independence of Brazil.

In century XVIII, Fernando de Noronha began a stage of greater development, with the establishment of permanent towns, excelling the Vila two Remedies.

By his strategic situation he has served as scale in numerous occasions, one of the most named was the one than he made Charles Darwin with his famous expedition, in 1832. In 1898, also it served as scale between America and Arica, for the transoceanic telegraphic laying, also was used as support in the postal passages of shipments between Brazil and France, with the airplanes of Aéropostale. In 1938, island greater was transformed into military prison, although by short time, since when arriving World War II, in 1942, the existing constructions were reformed to shelter the three thousand soldiers who settled there, were constructed one second runway, and were installed a warlike equipment with antiaircraft batteries, whose rest remain conserved to be able to visit them in Vila two Remedies. When finishing the war, the category of Federal Territory was maintained until 1988, when Noronha was refunded to the state of Pernambuco.

However the Atoll of Rocks, has had a history without so many events, to a large extent due to his reduced dimensions. Its history is limited the mentions that have been done in diverse cartographic registries. 1979, the Atoll of Rocks, pertaining to the state of Rio Grande North do, is transformed into the first Marine Biological Resera of Brazil.

By its many paradisiac beaches, flora and fauna riquísimas, and matchless landscapes, Fernando de Noronha occupies one of the first places in the list of the sites more visited and admired by Brazilian and international tourists. The archipelago of Fernando de Noronha is made up of 21 islands and includes an area of 26 km ². The main island, that takes the same name and is greatest of all, measures 17 km2s. The Marine National Park of Fernando de Noronha, designated Area of Protección Ambiental (APA) from 1988, covers approximately 8 km ² with this island. The park intends to protect the natural fauna, flora and the other resources, and includes all the other islands of the archipelago, covering a total extension with 112.7 km ² with perimeter of 60 km. With previous authorization of the IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources), the five footpaths can be crossed good drawn up that cross the park. In Fernando de Noronha they live around 2200 people. The tourism looks for a balance with the surroundings and it is realized of sustainable form, so that the man and the nature interact in a balanced fashion in one of the more important ecological sanctuaries of the world. In the main island there is a good infrastructure to receive visitors: banking agency, police station of police, post office, tourist intelligence-gathering post, hospital, access to the Internet, detachment of the military police, port, weather station, hotels and hosterías.

The predominant vegetation in Fernando de Noronha is composed by typical species of the Brazilian savannah nordestina, the rustic one, that lose their leaves in the dry station. Generally the trees in the highest areas and the shrubs in lowest predominate. Of March to June, that is the rainiest station, the vegetation puts itself more ebullient.

In Fernando de Noronha there is a great amount of natural swimming pools that allow the direct bonding with the varied one and exotic marine fauna of the region. Different species can be observed from: fish, sponges, seaweed, molluscs and chorales, between who the one that predominates is the cavernous Montastrea. In the viewpoint of the Baía two Golfinhos, the dolphins can be observed acrobats in their natural environment, one of the spectacles tuna of the island takes place more daily: when being born the sun, groups of dolphins of direct to the interior of the bay, a barren water area and prote'ge'e. The marine turtles lend themselves to observation as of the month of November, grouped in the surface of the water, while the adult males dispute the females, which marks the beginning of the period of reproduction of the species in the archipelago. The National Center of Conservation and Handling of the Marine Turtles, famous Project TAMAR/IBAMA, protects from 1984 the females, eggs, atmospheres of reproduction and supervises the population of the quelonios. These animal are protected by a decree that it prohibits to capture, to fish and to bother all the species of quelonios in Brazilian territorial waters. In the archipelago there are other endemic species, animal brought by the man and migratory animal.

The climate is tropical, the average temperature is of 28º C. Are two defined stations good: a drought (of September to March) and another rainy one (of April to August). Rains, generally fleeting showers, are put in with periods of sun.

For the visitors a tariff for preservation of the environment has settled down, the amount depends on the days of stay.

For the writer Takings Moor, creator of the term utopia, Fernando de Noronha have been described in several of his narrations like the ideal place to live that utopia.
     

 Recommended visits and activities:

Diving in Fernando de Noroña:   the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha is one of the most beautiful places of the world for the practice of the diving. The water is crystalline, the visibility arrives 50 M.s and fish of diverse species can be observed: rays, turtles, colored people, barracudas, dolphins and sharks, sponges and seaweed, that circulates around the formation rocky, been shipwrecked reefs of chorale and boats.    

Although practice in diving is not had is possible to undergo the sensation to observe the marine fauna in its natural habitat. To the border of the sea, in beaches of Atalaia and Baía do Sancho and in peceras natural formed by stones of the two Baía Porcos, is possible to see fish of colors of different species. 

 
Main sites of diving:        

Shipwrecks: to 64 ms of depth is the Ipiranga corvette, considered the boat that conserves more whole number of the water been shipwrecked ones of Brazil. The Greek freighter Eliane Estatatus is in the Baía of Santo Antônio, next to the port, to 8 M.s of depth, as it is near the rompiente is possible to arrive at I swim.        

Laje Dois Irmãos:  next to the rocks Dois Irmãos, against the Baía two Porcos. Diving between 8 and 15 M.s of depth.     

Cabeço do Sapata: vertical wall that reachs more than 40 M.s of depth.        

Iuais: plain of chorales to 23 M.s of depth.    

Pedras Dry: rocky set that extends from the surface to 15 M.s of depth. Excellent visibility.     

Ilha do Frade: diving to 20 M.s of depth at the most. In front of the beach of Watchtower.

Ilha do Meio: grottos and caverns to 15 M.s of depth.     

Pontal North do:    immense rock that arrives at 42 M.s of depth. 


Surf: the presence of waves of 2 M.s peaky of up to 5 M.s of height, as those of the Laje it gives Cacimba, Boldró, Ruro and Abrás, causes that medical instructors of surf worldwide frequent these beaches, mainly enters the months of November April.          

Beaches: most spectacular of Fernando de Noronha it is that all the beaches precious and are very well conserved. The sea is blue greenish and incredibly it is transparent. In some rocky impressive beaches also there is formation. The main ones are:

Towards open sea (Sea of Fora):

Praia do Leão: she is one of the prettiest beaches of Brazil. There is a natural sculpture that seems a marine lion and that it has given the name him. To the front it is the stone of the Viuvinha, a small barren island covered by nests of birds. When the waves break against some formation rocky, the water projects in spurts. As it is the main desovadero of the marine turtles, she remains closed to the public during some months of the year (of January to June) from the fall of the sun to the morning of the following day.   

Baía Sueste: it little has a characteristic common in oceanic islands: the mangrove swamp. The sea is calm. Towards the left are the ruins of the fort of São Joaquim de Sueste.

Watchtower: the natural reefs form peceras with one variadísima marine life. The access to the beach is limited a small amount of people per day. It is necessary to in center obtain a permission of visitors of the national park.     

Buraco gives Raquel:            natural swimming pools on rocks. It is a place only for contemplation, is not allowed to bathe.    


Towards the continent (Sea of Inside)       

Baía of Santo Antônio: this bay forms a natural harbor in that they berth small boats, including that are used in the tourist strolls. There are the rest of a been shipwrecked boat that it attracts the fans to the diving.     

Praia do Puppy: one is next to the Strength two Remedies. It has reefs and calm surge.    

Praia gives Conceição: during the high tide it is very good for the practice of surf. When lowering the tide, the sea is barren and adapted to bathe As it is an extended beach, it is an excellent place for long walks by the sand.     

Praia do Boldró: good waves for the practice of surf during the high tide. In the escarpment are the ruins of the strong São Pedro do Boldró, that constitute an excellent viewpoint.

Cacimba do Father: one of best beaches of the island, measures km of length approximately. During the summer it has waves that arrive at the 5 ms of height, excellent for the practice of surf. It is surrounded by natural vegetation.     

Baía two Porcos: many rocks and little sand. Peceras natural with fish of colors is the main attraction. The diving practice is prohibited. To the front are two great called rocky crags Dois Irmãos. From the high part, where are the ruins of the strong São João Batiste, an impressive view of the turkish blue sea punteado by dark rocks is contemplated. Due to this unique panorama much people consider that the Baía two Porcos is the prettiest beach of Brazil. She arrives herself by a footpath.        

Baía do Sancho: it competes in beauty with the neighbor Baía two Porcos. He is excellent for the practice of free diving because it has good visibility and a marine fauna diversified to little depth. From the cliff one of the most impressive views of Noronha is contemplated. As he is desovadero of marine turtles, she remains closed to the public during some months of the year (of January to June) from the fall of the sun to the morning of the following day.   

Excursion in boat: it is the favorite attraction of the tourists. The boats sail by the Sea of Inside offering an incredible vision of beaches of Fernando de Noronha and of small barren islands of the environs. Sometimes it is possible to see the dolphins swimming next to the boat. In the Baía do Sancho becomes a pause for the practice of free diving. 

Excursions in buggy: the used vehicles more in Fernando de Noronha are the convertible buggies. It is used them like taxi or to make trips by the island. The conductors, generally local inhabitants, exert as guides and take to the visitors to the most beautiful places and most recondite.   

Observation of dolphins:  the dolphins acrobats can be observed from the viewpoint of the Bay of the Dolphins. That is the place in which the dolphins feed themselves and reproduce. The best moment to observe them is early in the morning.
Other visits to contemplate the historical vestiges: Vila two Remedies, Vila gives Quixaba, Park of Sant'Ana and the ruins of the Forts of São Pedro do Boldró, Santo Antônio and Nossa Senhora gives Conceição.

Historical center of the city of Olinda

Registered in the List of Patrimonies of the Humanity in 1982. In 1535 Duarte Coelho it disembarks in the northeast coast of Brazil with the intention to implant the Captainship of the State of Pernambuco, according to several versions when observing this Duarte population exclaimed: Oh! It is contiguous! , and of there its name, that little later in 1537 would become town and 1676 in city. The election was not at random, but the site was on a promontory with a view privileged on the sea and with abundance of fresh water, ventilated well, easily defensible and with a natural harbor, whose reefs sheltered and protected the ships. He was capital of Pernambuco until 1827, Been which it continues belonging at present.

The town prospered commercially and closely enriched, development related to the cycle of the sugar cane. Nevertheless, in 1630, it was invaded by the Dutch. After setting afire they left it, moving to Recife. The town began to be reconstructed from the expulsion of the Dutch invaders, in 1654. As of that moment it had an increasing competition with the city of Recife, that affirmed like important commercial center and that soon it would become the administrative capital of the captainship. What Olinda lost in administrative buildings saw fully compensated with the construction of the monumental sets formed by the convents of the religious orders. Carmelite, franciscan, benedictines and Jesuits occupied the stops of smooth hills, produced and preserved, mainly inside the convents, the most worried forms of baroque art of Brazil in the colonial period. 

Historical center of the city of Olinda

Olinda stopped in the competition with Recife and, thus, it preserved his original characteristics until century XX, when a city happened to consider itself dormitory. In 1937, when it was declared officially: City Monument, their main attributes were still their singular location, his exceeded (of two more colonial floor or houses type than are in the historical centers of the cities) with close facades and ample gardens populated with trees and the high artistic quality of some of their buildings, that excelled at the times of ebullient tropical vegetation.
It has been preserved of that one time and until the present time it leaves from drawn up urban original of the town and the old churches barrocas and the small village, that constitute an important architectonic set.
Olinda is a site to walk by the streets, being known its Churches and museums, and admiring scenes that mix blue sea, green of the historical vegetation and constructions. It is also a city that offer good restaurants, authentic craftsmanship and offices of art.

Recommended visits and activities:

Churches, monasteries and convents: generally, Olinda shelters different rich Churches in ornaments and statures, also simple chapels and monasteries. The majority was constructed in centuries XVI and XVII, where it exhibits architecture and images mainly barrocas.
Between that we emphasized:

Church Our Lady of Thanks: constructed in the highest part of the city, of the original construction they are the external walls both and altars of the lateral chapels. The facade without bell tower, according to the Italian tradition, reveals in addition, by the geometric purity, pilasters and frontis an austere composition, of Renaissance taste. From similarity to the church of San Roque of Lisbon, since the author was the same.

Church of Our Lady of the Carmen: one was in the great Carmelite Convent, destroyed at beginnings of this century. Its reconstruction, after the undergone fire, has maintained its plane original. She is one of the most elegant and important representations of Brazil of Renaissance style.

Convent Our Lady of Snows: it is the older franciscan convent of Brazil, due to his partial destruction by the Dutch, was reconstructed as of 1650.

Cathedral of the Olinda: also affected by the destructions of the Dutch, from his reconstruction in the middle of century XVII, it was object of successive modifications, that altered, mainly his original characteristics, even so deserves a visit.

Monastery of San Benito: it was finished in 1599 and rebuilt in second half of the following century. It emphasizes the visit to the greater altar and the altar of N.S. of the Mercy, the Sacristy, in wood stature sea bream.  

Civil architecture of Olinda: she is more sober and simple that luxurious, presents/displays strong adapted Portuguese influence to the local climate, standing out the constructions with balconies in stone and wood, the windows with interlaced leaves, the closeness of the facades and walls and the great quintanales.

Market gives Ribeira: in a building of the end of century XVII it shelters stores of local crafts, like the typical masks of paper maché. There are also stores of entalladores, engravings and paintings.

Atelier: the artists installed their stores by all the sites of the city. The visitors are welcomes. They can enter and to appreciate works of painting, sculpture and ceramics.

 

Registered in the List of Patrimonies of the Humanity in 1985. Located in the State of Bay. Thomé de Sousa in 1549, following the instructions of Portuguese Corona that looked for a well communicated strategic place and with the rest of Brazil, founds Salvador, on a cliff to the border of the sea of the Bay of All the Saints. First capital of the country, during 214 years, the city immediately incorporated other two functions: the one of port of support to the routes of the East and the one of great center of sugar export. These two activities would go to contribute to the conformation of a racially mixed population of Portuguese and African slaves, mattered in great scale for the culture of the sugar cane. To these other contingents ethnic, from end of century XIX, giving rise to a culture popular very rich, in which western aspects are mixed, African and, in smaller scale, Eastern were added.

The foundation of Salvador also meant the principle of a new phase in the colonial urbanism, that for reasons of defense would have to be constructed an elevated area, surrounded by a wall. With a clearly medieval typology, with its adapted winding streets to the injured topography, their parks and small irregular places, in a natural and colorful disorder, as it is possible to be observed in the Pelourinho.

Salvador de Bahia

The expansion made the sea divided the city in two, the discharge, administrative and religious center, and the low city, where the port and the shipyards are located. The connection between the two cities always has represented a challenge, laid ways, of which oldest they are the slopes of Conceiçao, the Mercy and the Preguiça. Finally in 1872, the Lacerda elevator settled, today integrated in the landscape of the city, and that communicates the two cities.

Taking as it bases the wealth generated by the culture from the sugar, in the middle of century XVII, a new stage of bahiana architecture begins in Salvador, in that period happens the construction of the main palaces and family houses, is when the religious orders raise their huger churches, solid and luxurious and its more significant convents.

Recommended visits and activities:

Historical center: the old helmet or historical center of Salvador preserves millares of large houses of centuries XVI, XVII and XVIII. It is divided in three main areas: the Municipal place until the Length of São Francisco, the Pelourinho and the Length do Carmo and, finally, the Length of Santo Antônio Além do Carmo. The churches and large houses surrounded by the vast cultural activity abound that is developed in the place. In addition, throughout their hills and streets paved with cleared paving stones (calls black head) important episodes of Brazilian history are registered.          

Between attractive the main ones, the places deserve mention Municipal and I know of it, the Elevator Lacerda, the City council, the Municipal Council, the Palace River Branco, Santa Casa and the church Gives Mercy, the Palace of the Archbishopric, the Cathedral Basilica, the Terreiro de Jesus, the Length do Cruzeiro de São Francisco, the commercial Pelourinho with its churches, premises and places, and finally, the Length do Carmo, where they are the Fort of San Antonio and the great religious set formed by the church and the convent of Nossa Senhora do Carmo and by the church Gives to Ordem Terceira do Carmo.       

Churches

Church Gives Ajuda: founded by the Jesuits that arrived at Brazil with I took from Souza in century XVI, and demolished and reconstructed in the path opposed in century XX, she is one of the oldest churches of Salvador. At the moment its facade shows a neoromantic air. 

Church Gives to Ascensão do Sir: constructed in 1975, it is totally different from the conventional churches of Salvador. Everything in this church makes reference to number 12, in tribute to the twelve apostles of Christ: the cover formed by twelve “petals� of concrete, the twelve banks in row. In the subsoil there is a chapel in which are the baptistry and the sacristy.

Church Gives Ordem Terceira de São Domingos: it later began to be constructed in 1731 and to be finished six years. The facade is in Rococo style with a more recent neoclassic stature. The plane is the typical one of the churches of beginnings of century XVIII, with lateral corridors and superposed tribunes. The ceiling of the ship, in style ilusionist, and the panels of the great hall attribute themselves to Jose Joaquim gives Rocha.     
 
House Two Parents - Itacaré: constructed on a cellar elevated by the Jesuits at the beginning of century XVIII. The tile roof to four waters, finished in projecting eaves. She is half-ruined and the sky can be seen from its interior.   

Cathedral Basilica: it was constructed in century XVII, with precious materials like gold, marble, wood of jacaranda and sea turtle, in a style it mixes of baroque and the Rococo.   
 
Church and Convent of São Francisco:            one of the most important representations of the baroque one in Brazil, their altarpieces are covered of gold. The most important image is the one of San Pedro de Alcántara, attributed to Manoel Inácio gives Coast. The works of the church began in first half of century XVIII. The Portuguese tile murals, that narrate the legend of the birth of San Francisco and its resignation to the earthly goods, also are of baroque style. The central ship and transepto form the cross of the Gentleman. The pictorial decoration in the form of stars, hexagonal and octagons raise to the Virgin Maria, to whom the Brazilians always call Nossa Senhora. In the sacristy there are 18 oils that represent diverse moments of the life of San Francisco.     


Forts

Hard of Santo Antonio it gives Bar: property of the Navy of Brazil, is located to the North entrance of the Bay of All the Saints. The construction of this fortification began in 1536 by mandate of the first donatario of the Captainship of Bay, Francisco Pereira Coutinho, and its original project had form of decagonal tower.          

Hard of Monte Serrat: by its sensible and harmonious forms the most beautiful work of military architecture of the Brazilian colonial period is considered. One began to construct in 1583, in a strategic location, at the top of the advanced point more of the peninsula, with view to the port of the city. Finished in 1742, it is conserved to date without modifications of the original plane, with a house of commando flanked by walls of round bastions, in which the battery of nine guns is mounted.         

Museums

Pinto Carlos museum Coast: it in private shows the devices used by the well off families of centuries XVIII and XIX. The particular collection Pinto Coast distributes by 23 decorative exhibition halls of art and painting. They are more than three thousand objects divided in collections of platería, jewelry, Chinese and European porcelain, crystals, paintings, works of ivory, opaline, bronze and lacquer of China. The gold jewels and the 27 collection of balangandãs (joint of amulets) of silver, are the most valuable pieces of the collection.    

Sacred museum of Art of the federal University of Bahia (UFBA): inaugurated in 1959, it works in the Convent of Santa Teresa, one of the most remarkable architectonic sets of the seiscentista period. It builds of Carmelite the Barefoot ones. The collection is composed by wood sculptures, pedra-sabão (steatite), clay and ivory, and pieces of jewelry, between which ostensorio of silver sea bream adorned with more stands out than 400 precious stones and semiprecious.

Museum of Art of Bay: it is the oldest museum of the city, was founded on 1918 and it at the moment works in the Cerqueira Lot Lima. In its collection they excel the wood sculptures, clay and ivory, paintings in mayólica and platería of the centuries XVII, XVIII and XIX, as well as the furniture of time.        

Museum Abelardo Rodrigues: it contains one of the most extensive particular collections of sacred art of Brazil: 808 objects between images, paintings, oratorical, altars and crucifijos of the period between century XVII and the XIX. It is installed in the main floor of the Lot Ferrão, imposing representative of the civil architecture of the colony.       

Registered in the List of Patrimonies of the Humanity in 1999. It was in this region where the navigators Spanish and later Portuguese in 1500 disembarked, giving rise to the colonization of Brazil. The first natives who were of the linguistic branch tupi, in this coast were said the first Brazilian ground misa, were in this place where the first Settlers knew the Pau Brazil a wood that Serbian to dye, this wood is the origin first of Terra Brasilis and later Brazil. The demand of this wood caused the occupation of the territory by the Portuguese and the foundation of factories for the extraction of the Pau Brazil. The first populations were created: Cabralia, Arraial d' Ajuda and Safe Porto, in the State of Bay.

The region of the Coast of the Discovery, underwent an intense devastation today, being intact only 0.5% of the original floresta. Located in the nucleus of a Reserve of the Biosphere of ls Atlantic Forest, mainly species of birds and vegetables, which takes to think that connecting corridors between the two florestas can have existed.

The eight areas nucleus of the Coast of the Discovery are:

In the sites that form the set of the registered one by UNESCO, species characteristic of each place stand out (endemic), rarely found in other places, one of the excellent factors to be constituent of the World-wide Patrimony and therefore protected areas.
World-wide Patrimony of the Humanity due to the conjunction of the historical meaning of this place and the importance of preservation of the ecosystem of Atlantic Forest has been considered. The set of the eight areas compose that it, together with the Southeastern Atlantic Forest and some areas isolated in the coast of the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas, composes a threatened ecosystem enough, being today only about a 8% of the million original km2s.

Reserve of the Atlantic Forest

The climate in the region included by the Atlantic pluvial florestas mainly has two stations, defined by the rain regime, although she is latitudinalmente quite variable. While in the Brazilian Northeast the annual average temperatures vary around 24° C, in Southeastern and South the regions the annual averages are lower and the temperature can occasionally arrive at 6° C.

The Atlantic Floresta extends throughout mountains and of the hills that they give to the sea, as well as in the coastal plain. It must his existence to the high atmospheric humidity taken by marine winds. The humid wind is condensed in the coast, in the form of rain, when raising towards the coldest layers of greater altitude.

The mighty Atlantic Floresta, with arboreal vegetation around the 30 M.s and trees that exceed the canopy and reach the 40 M.s of stop, presents/displays an intense bush vegetation in the layer inferior. It is a floresta of great vegetal diversity, with many samambaias, even the arborescent ones, besides terrestrial orchids and palms, between which is the Euterpes edulis, of near 10 M.s of height and whose trunk the palm heart is extracted. Besides the carpets of mosses and innumerable fungi, the Atlantic Floresta is very rich in lianas and epifitas, between which are ferns, orchids and bromelias. These last ones, with their leaves prepared in rosette, retain always certain amount of water and this conditions a propitious habitat to the development of a particular fauna, like for example those of larvae and adults of several species of arthropods and amphibians.
Generally, the fauna in this floresta predominantly is adapted in the shade and is little tolerant to the variations of humidity, temperature and insolation. Direct or consequently indirect from the deforestation, many species have been affected.

Besides the terrestrial fauna, the Atlantic Floresta also owns a rich fauna of fish that inhabit the small existing brooks between the afforested areas. Many of these fish are oriented by the vision to locate to food or pair for the reproduction, as well as for its social behaviors, and are incapable to survive in turbid or clear, subject waters to the intense luminosity, when the floresta is eliminated. Besides that, the maintenance of smooth temperatures in the brooks and the ground is possible thanks to the intense vegetal cover.

Besides the wealth in invertebrates, mainly of arthropods, the Atlantic Floresta owns an important fauna of vertebrates. Nevertheless, many species still are not known by science and run the risk of not being open pies if the process of destruction of the mount continues.
One of the main characteristics of the fauna that live in the Atlantic Floresta, as well as in other tropical florestas of the world, is the make to be diversified and marked by the presence of many endemic species. Several of these species own losses densidades of population, which characterizes a great number of rare species.

The preservation of the endemic species of the Atlantic Floresta is extremely worrisome, facing the present situation of devastation. The endemic species whose populations have not been reduced to a critical number even merit special attention to survive.

Between the Brazilian primates they are related near 25 species in danger of extinction and some of endemic them of the Atlantic Floresta. This one is, for example, the situation of four species of mico-leões (Leontopithecus spp) and muriqui (Brachyteles aracnoides), the major of the tropical monkeys.

The harmed areas more of the Atlantic Floresta are exactly most important from the conservacionista point of view. They are the surpluses of mounts of the south of Bay and Espírito Santo, whom the last units of sorts and species of plants and animal in extinction danger welcome. In region Southeastern, where great metropolis like Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in areas have been developed that in the past were of Atlantic Floresta, still exist relatively great sections where environmental and transformed protection have been created recently areas of, even, in the Reserve of the Biosphere of Atlantic Mata. In them they are the last refuges of one of the richest ecosystems of the world.

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